The phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi produces five major pectate lyases that are key virulence factors in soft-rot disease development.Using transcriptional fusions, we studied the regulation of pelA, pelD, and pelE gene expression as a function of variation of the external pH.pelA and pelD were expressed when bacteria were grown in a
The strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) hosts a wide variety of aphid species.Most of these species have an ample variety of alternate hosts that include strawberries.The true strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolli (Cockerell) (Fig.1), is considered an important pest of wild and cultivated viking k2 slide gate operator strawberries worldw
Elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) are exposed to a variety of gastrointestinal parasites acquired through the ingestion of infected prey.An increasing amount of evidence suggests the usefulness of parasitological information to elucidate aspects of the biology and ecology of sharks and rays, to inform the correct management and conserv